STIMULUS WITH A PAST: MEMORY TASK PERFORMANCE AFFECTED BY FREQUENCY AND PROBABILITY OF INTENTIONAL ACTS INVOLVING THE STIMULUS By

versus Episodic Representations In accordance with the instance theory of memory (Logan, 1988), the present work assumes that each encounter with a stimulus is encoded and stored as a separate instance. Intention is instrumental in the formation of instances because intention as goal-orientedness requires attention. And attention has been suggested to be a sufficient condition for binding co-occurring elements into instances (Logan & Etherton, 1994). Building on previous studies on repetition priming (Franks et al., 2000; Thompson-Schill & Gabrieli, 1999; Vriezen et al., 1995; Xiong et al., 2003), recognition (Bransford et al., 1979; Morris et al., 1977), and recall (Tulving, 1979; Tulving & Thomson, 1973), the present work inferred that intention is an inherent part of memory instance, and theorized that stimulus representation should include a collection of intention-specific instances.